PRP Injection for Knee Osteoarthritis: Benefits and Patient Guidance

Understanding PRP Injection for Knee Osteoarthritis

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection has rapidly emerged as a promising treatment for individuals suffering from knee osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint condition marked by pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. This minimally invasive procedure involves using a patient's own blood, spun at high speeds to concentrate growth factors essential for tissue repair and regeneration. This concentrate is then injected directly into the affected knee joint under sterile conditions, aiming to enhance the natural healing process. Unlike traditional treatments such as steroid injections or long-term use of painkillers, PRP injection is designed to promote tissue healing and potentially slow the progression of osteoarthritis, thereby addressing the root cause rather than simply masking symptoms.

Who Can Benefit from PRP Knee Treatment?

PRP injection is typically recommended for patients in the early to moderate stages of knee osteoarthritis who have found limited relief from conventional therapies like physiotherapy and oral medications. Candidates are often those wishing to avoid or delay knee replacement surgery, athletes recovering from knee injuries, and individuals who experience chronic pain limiting daily activities. Assessing suitability involves a comprehensive clinical evaluation, imaging studies such as X-rays or MRI, and discussion of medical history. While patients with advanced osteoarthritis may derive some pain relief, the regenerative potential of PRP is more pronounced among those with less severe cartilage breakdown and better overall knee function.

Risks and Potential Complications of PRP Knee Injection

As with any joint injection, PRP therapy for the knee carries some risks, albeit minimal. Since PRP uses your own blood, the likelihood of allergic reactions is extremely low. Common short-term side effects include mild pain, swelling, or bruising at the injection site, most of which subside within a few days. Rarely, joint infection or excessive inflammation can occur. Long-term complications are uncommon, though the effectiveness of PRP may vary depending on individual factors, the severity of osteoarthritis, and adherence to post-procedure guidelines. It is essential to undergo PRP treatment with an experienced clinician to minimise these risks and ensure optimal technique and sterile handling throughout the procedure.

Post-Injection Recovery and Knee Rehabilitation

After PRP injection, patients may experience slight discomfort or swollen knees for up to a week. It is advisable to avoid strenuous activities or weight-bearing exercise for a short period, gradually returning to normal activity as symptoms improve. Physiotherapy remains an integral component of recovery; targeted knee exercises help restore mobility, build muscular strength, and reduce loading forces across the joint. Rehabilitation may also involve low-impact aerobic activities, quadriceps strengthening, and balance training. Most patients start noticing pain relief and functional improvement within four to six weeks post-injection, with benefits potentially lasting up to a year or longer. Adhering to a tailored physiotherapy programme enhances the effectiveness of PRP for knee osteoarthritis.

Maximising Outcomes and Long-Term Joint Health

The positive impact of PRP injection for knee osteoarthritis can be optimised by adopting joint-friendly lifestyle habits. Maintaining a healthy weight, using supportive footwear, and avoiding activities that exacerbate knee pain are crucial preventive strategies. Early intervention with PRP often yields superior outcomes compared to delayed treatment, preventing further joint deterioration. Monitoring progress with regular follow-up appointments and communicating any new or worsening symptoms to your healthcare provider ensures prompt management. For some patients, repeat PRP injections may be considered if symptoms return. Incorporating exercise, a balanced diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods, and avoiding smoking or excessive alcohol further support long-term knee health.

Platelet-rich plasma injection is an advanced treatment for knee osteoarthritis.
Ideal candidates are in the early to moderate stages of cartilage loss.
Recovery involves short-term rest and a structured rehabilitation programme.
Collaborating with your clinician can reduce risk and improve results.
Healthy lifestyle choices are essential for ongoing joint protection.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

How does PRP injection work for knee osteoarthritis?

PRP injection works by delivering concentrated growth factors from your own blood directly into the knee joint. These growth factors stimulate tissue repair, reduce inflammation, and can help slow cartilage breakdown, leading to improved pain and joint function in patients with osteoarthritis.

How soon will I feel improvement after PRP for my knee?

Most patients start to notice pain reduction and improved mobility between four to six weeks following the injection. However, the speed and degree of improvement may vary, depending on the severity of osteoarthritis and adherence to post-procedure rehabilitation.

What are the side effects of PRP injection in the knee?

Common side effects include mild pain, swelling, or stiffness at the injection site, lasting a few days. Serious complications such as infection or excessive inflammation are rare, particularly when performed by experienced professionals under sterile conditions.

Can PRP injections prevent the need for knee replacement?

For some patients in the early to moderate stages of osteoarthritis, PRP injections can provide sufficient pain relief and functional improvement to postpone or sometimes avoid knee replacement surgery. However, its effectiveness decreases with advanced joint deterioration.

How many PRP injections will I need for my knee?

The number of PRP injections required depends on your individual severity and response to treatment. Some require only one injection, while others may benefit from two or three sessions spaced several weeks apart. Your clinician will develop a tailored plan based on your progress.

Is PRP injection suitable for everyone with knee pain?

PRP is most effective for individuals with confirmed osteoarthritis or injuries amenable to tissue repair. It may not be suitable for those with certain blood disorders, infections, or advanced joint destruction. A thorough assessment by your healthcare provider will determine if PRP is the best option for you.

References

Smania, G., et al. Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Review of Current Evidence. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023;24(6):5332.
Bennell, K.L., et al. Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Management of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. The Lancet. 2021;397(10291): 1313–1321.